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AWS SCS-C01
  • Practice Test Scores
  • Domain 1 - Incident Response
    • Incident Response
    • Exposed AWS Access Keys
    • Compromised EC2 Instance
    • How do you report abuse of AWS resources?
    • GuardDuty
    • Penetration Testing
  • Domain 2 - Logging & Monitoring
    • Some Basics
    • Inspector
    • Security Hub
    • AWS WAF
    • Systems Manager
    • Systems Manager Features
    • CloudWatch Logs
    • Athena
    • CloudTrail
    • Config
    • Trusted Advisor
    • CloudTrail Log File Integrity
    • Macie
    • S3 Event Notifications
    • VPC Flow Logs
    • Centralized Logging Architecture
  • Domain 3 - Infrastructure Security
    • Bastion Hosts
    • Site-to-Site VPN
    • VPC Peering
    • VPC Endpoints
    • Network ACL
    • Firewall vs IPS vs IDS
    • EBS
    • CloudFront
    • Shield
    • Mitigating DDoS Attacks
    • EC2 Key Pair Troubleshooting
    • EC2 Tenancy
    • Artifact
    • Lambda@Edge
    • Simple Email Service (SES)
    • DNS Support in VPC
  • Domain 4 - Identity & Access Management
    • Organizations
    • IAM Policy Evaluation Logic
    • Understanding IAM Policies
    • IAM Tutorial: Delegate access across AWS accounts using IAM roles
    • External ID
    • iptables
    • IAM policy elements: Version
    • IAM policy elements: Variables and tags
    • Policy elements: Principal and NotPrincipal
    • IAM policy elements: Condition
    • Security Token Service (STS)
    • Identity federation in AWS
    • Enabling SAML for your AWS resources
    • Single Sign-On
    • Cognito
    • Directory Service
    • Trusts in Active Directory
    • Example S3 Bucket Policies
    • Cross-account access to S3 buckets using Resource-based policies and IAM policies
    • S3 Access Control Lists (ACLs)
    • Presigned URLs
    • S3 Versioning
    • S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR)
    • S3 Object Lock
    • Configuring MFA-protected API access
    • IAM Permission Boundaries
  • Domain 5 - Data Protection
  • CloudHSM
  • Key Management Service (KMS)
  • Symmetric CMKs vs Asymmetric CMKs
  • Data Key Caching
  • Deleting KMS CMKs
  • Default KMS Key Policy
  • Managing access to KMS CMKs
  • KMS CMK Key Types
  • Rotating KMS CMKs
  • Example Key Policies for KMS Questions
  • KMS Grants
  • KMS CLI Commands
  • Importing key material in KMS
  • KMS Condition Keys
  • Migrating Encrypted KMS Data Across Regions
  • KMS Encryption Context
  • CloudHSM vs KMS
  • S3 Data Encryption
  • Application Load Balancer (ALB)
  • ELB Listeners Part 1
  • ELB Listeners Part 2
  • AWS Certificate Manager (ACM)
  • Glacier
  • DynamoDB Encryption
  • AWS Secrets Manager
  • Summaries
    • Domain 1
    • Domain 2
    • Domain 3
    • Domain 4
    • Domain 5
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  1. Domain 2 - Logging & Monitoring

CloudTrail Log File Integrity

  • To determine whether a log file was modified, deleted, or unchanged after CloudTrail delivered it, you can use CloudTrail log file integrity validation.

  • This feature is built using industry standard algorithms: SHA-256 for hashing and SHA-256 with RSA for digital signing.

  • This makes it computationally infeasible to modify, delete or forge CloudTrail log files without detection.

  • When you enable log file integrity validation, CloudTrail creates a hash for every log file that it delivers.

  • Every hour, CloudTrail also creates and delivers a file that references the log files for the last hour and contains a hash of each called a digest file.

  • The digest files are delivered to the same S3 bucket associated with your trail as your CloudTrail log files.

Enabling Log File Integrity Validation for CloudTrail

  • To enable log file integrity validation with the CloudTrail console, choose Yes for the Enable log file validation option when you create or update a trail. By default, this feature is enabled for new trails.

  • To validate logs with the AWS CLI, use the CloudTrail validate-logs command (this uses the digest files delivered to your Amazon S3 bucket to perform the validation).

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Last updated 4 years ago

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