Scalability:
An app or project or something can handle greater or less loads by adapting, there are 2 types of scalability:
Horizontal Scalability - Increasing your number of resources - Adding - Aka elasticity.
Vertical Scalability - Making your current resources better - Upgrading.
So basically, being scalable means your app can handle bigger loads/more traffic by either adding more resources (horizontal scaling) or upgrading the current resources (vertical scaling).
High Availability:
Running your application or system across multiple Availability Zones (in a minimum of 2 Availability Zones).
Elasticity:
This means that the system will have auto-scaling. So it will scale up when the demand is high and scale down when the demand is low, this is extremely cost-efficient and useful for on-demand or pay-per-use things as it can save a lot of money and you don't have to keep "guessing capacity".
Agility:
Means that you can do things very quickly because you can get/delete IT resources in a matter of seconds.
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